At the IO, being trauma-informed is an integral part of our work. From the beginning to the end of the process, whether it's an Investigation or an Alternative Resolution, the principles of TIP are embedded in our practices.

Why is Trauma-Informed Practice so important for sexual misconduct investigations?

1) Encourages people to speak up

Sexual misconduct is underreported. Media depictions of sexual assault investigations and stereotypes of traditional 'interrogation methods' for sexual assault cases are harmful and not aligned with current best practices. When people know they will encounter an investigator who is trauma-informed, it can reduce barriers to them coming forward to report sexual misconduct.

2) Reduces re-traumatization

Through utilizing the TIP principles, parties will feel safe, heard and respected. Having choices throughout the process and being kept up-to-date on the status of the file helps minimize traumatic impacts. Being questioned in a neutral, non-accusatory way helps make a difficult process feel safer and easier, and less likely to trigger traumatic memories.

3) Incorporates current research on how the brain reacts to stress and trauma

Everyone reacts to stress and trauma differently. Stereotypes and myths, such as believing a person should act a certain way following a traumatic event, represent outdated thinking on the ways that trauma impacts the brain. Expecting reactions like tears or anger during investigative interviews to be indicators of 'evidence' or 'lack of evidence' discounts our current knowledge on the neurobiological effects of trauma.

4) Leads to better evidence

When complainants, respondents and witnesses are in a safe and calm state, this activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which allows better access to memories and other relevant data. Using a trauma-informed approach means calm conversations, no judgments and time to tell the story in your own true voice. The investigation overall will be more thorough, comprehensive and reliable when high quality evidence is obtained.

5) Includes essential consideration on the dynamics of power and privilege

Trauma-informed practice takes into account the ways that positions of power and control can place people at risk of harming others. This awareness is essential when conducting investigations on sexual misconduct and discrimination.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is re-traumatization?

'Retraumatization is a conscious or unconscious reminder of past trauma that results in a re-experiencing of the initial trauma event. It can be triggered by a situation, an attitude or expression, or by certain events that replicate the dynamics (loss of power/control/safety) of the original trauma.' (Zgoda et. al)

Can trauma-informed practice eliminate trauma in an investigative process?

No. It can only attempt to reduce it. It cannot eliminate it entirely as the topic itself is emotionally charged for all the parties.

Is TIP considered a 'soft' approach?

No . TIP is about being straightforward, direct, and clear with asking questions and providing information - even when it might be difficult to ask or hear - and doing this as safely as possible. TIP emphasizes the capacity within the client to feel empowered to make their own decisions. Support staff and other professionals are discouraged from taking on too much of an 'expert' role since TIP recognizes the inherent expertise within individuals.

Are interrogation methods used during the Interview process?

No. Interrogation methods, while useful in some contexts, are not best practices for allegations of sexual misconduct, because they do not elicit the best evidence where trauma is present.

Can the same principles be applied to other investigations?

Yes. In some cases, UBC staff/faculty may be required to conduct investigations unrelated to matters of sexual misconduct or discrimination. The principles of TIP can be applied to any investigation.

In fact, UBC supports the use of TIP for all investigations. If you are a staff/faculty member who would like more information on how to apply trauma-informed principles to your investigations, contact us. We can provide consultations on ways to ensure investigations are trauma-informed.

UBC has guidelines available for staff who conduct internal investigations:

UBC Investigations Guidelines

*Zgoda, Karen, et al. “Preventing Retraumatization: A Macro Social Work Approach to Trauma-Informed Practices & Policies.” SocialWorker.com, 17 Oct. 2016, www.socialworker.com/feature-articles/practice/preventing-retraumatization-a-macro-social-work-approach-to-trauma-informed-practices-policies/.